Yellow nail syndrome is a rare condition characterized by nail changes, where nails become thin and acquire a yellow color. This syndrome may also appear with other symptoms such as respiratory problems and skin complications. Despite its scarcity, understanding its diagnosis and causes can help individuals affected by it in obtaining appropriate care. In this article, we will review the date of discovery, causes, and factors that contribute to this disease. The date of the discovery of yellow nail syndrome, the first signals of yellow nail syndrome in medical literature in the twentieth century. Since then, many studies have been conducted to understand the characteristics and factors that contribute to the emergence of this condition. Documenting and understanding cases has helped provide appropriate treatments for patients. The causes and contributing factors are still the accurate causes of yellow nail syndrome. However, it is believed that genetic factors, exposure to poisoning and respiratory hostels play an important role. Medical documents indicate that there are connections with other health conditions, which requires more research to better understand this relationship.