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Bacillary Dysentery

03/24/2025By: Mustafa
Bacillary Dysentery

ما هو الزحار العصوي؟

الزحار العصوي هو مرض معوي. تعني كلمة "عصوي" أنه مرتبط بالبكتيريا، ويعني "الزحار" الإسهال الشديد الذي يحتوي على دم أو مخاط. في حالة الزحار العصوي، تصبح العدوى البكتيرية أكثر غزوًا وشدة، مما يسبب التهابًا في الأمعاء. قد تتراوح الأعراض من خفيفة إلى مهددة للحياة. العدوى البكتيرية التي تؤدي إلى الزحار العصوي شديدة العدوى، لذا من الضروري ممارسة نظافة جيدة. من قد يصاب بالزحار العصوي؟ يمكن أن يحدث الزحار العصوي في أي مكان في العالم. لكنه يمثل مشكلة كبيرة في البلدان التي تعاني من ضعف في الصرف الصحي فيما يتعلق بالصرف الصحي ومياه الشرب. الأشخاص الذين يعيشون في الدول النامية هم أكثر عرضة للإصابة بالزحار العصوي. ما مدى شيوع الزحار العصوي؟ يقدر العلماء أن هذه الحالة تؤثر على حوالي 164 مليون شخص في جميع أنحاء العالم سنويًا، معظمهم في البلدان النامية. وتسبب وفاة أكثر من مليون شخص سنويًا. ما الفرق بين الزحار العصوي والزحار الأميبي؟ الزحار العصوي ناتج عن بكتيريا، بينما الزحار الأميبي (الأميبية) ناتج عن أميبا (طفيلي وحيد الخلية). ما هي فترة الحضانة للزحار العصوي؟ فترة الحضانة هي الفترة الزمنية بين التعرض للجرثومة وظهور الأعراض. عادةً ما تتراوح فترة الحضانة للبكتيريا التي يمكن أن تؤدي إلى الزحار العصوي بين يوم إلى ثلاثة أيام. لكنها قد تستغرق أسبوعًا كاملًا. يجب على الأشخاص المصابين بالزحار العصوي أن يعزلوا أنفسهم لمدة سبعة أيام لمنع نقل العدوى إلى الآخرين.

الأعراض والأسباب

ما الذي يسبب الزحار العصوي؟ العدوى البكتيرية التي يمكن أن تؤدي إلى الزحار العصوي شديدة العدوى. عادةً ما تنتقل البكتيريا من شخص لآخر عندما يدخل الفضلات (البراز) من شخص مصاب إلى فم شخص آخر. يمكن أن يحدث ذلك أثناء: تحضير الطعام بواسطة شخص ذو نظافة سيئة. تناول ماء ملوث. الاتصال الجنسي، خاصةً عندما يتعلق الأمر بالشرج. يحدث الزحار العصوي عندما تدخل بكتيريا غريبة إلى جسم الشخص وتصبح العدوى شديدة. بعض البكتيريا الشائعة التي تؤدي إلى الزحار العصوي تشمل: شيجيلا، التي تؤدي إلى داء الشيجيلا. سالمونيلا، التي تسبب تسمم السالمونيلا (التسمم السالمونيلي). كامبيلوباكتر، التي تسبب داء كامبيلوباكتر. إيشيريشيا كولاي، التي تؤدي إلى عدوى الإشريكية القولونية (E. coli). ما هي علامات وأعراض الزحار العصوي؟ تتراوح أعراض الزحار العصوي من خفيفة إلى شديدة، وتشمل: إسهال يحتوي على دم أو مخاط. حمى شديدة. آلام شديدة في المعدة. غثيان وقيء. تشمل المضاعفات الناتجة عن المرض الشديد الالتهاب الشديد، التمدد (التوسيع) في الأمعاء الغليظة ومرض الكلى الحاد.

التشخيص والفحوصات

كيف يتم تشخيص الزحار العصوي؟ يمكن لمقدم الرعاية الصحية تشخيص الزحار العصوي عن طريق ثقافة البراز. هذا النوع من اختبار زراعة البكتيريا يأخذ عينة من برازك ويختبرها للتحقق من وجود بعض البكتيريا. الإدارة والعلاج كيف يتم علاج الزحار العصوي؟ الكثير من الأشخاص الذين يعانون من الزحار العصوي لا يحتاجون إلى علاج طبي. غالبًا ما تتحسن الأعراض في غضون بضعة أيام إلى أسبوع. ينبغي على هؤلاء الأشخاص: تجنب الأدوية المضادة للإسهال، لأنها قد تزيد الأعراض سوءًا. شرب الكثير من السوائل لمنع الجفاف (وهو أمر شائع مع الإسهال). عزل أنفسهم عن الآخرين لمدة يومين كاملين على الأقل بعد آخر حلقة من الإسهال. تناول الأدوية التي لا تتطلب وصفة طبية لتقليل الألم والحمى. بالنسبة لأولئك الذين يحتاجون إلى رعاية طبية، يشمل العلاج عادة: المضادات الحيوية. السوائل عن طريق الوريد. في بعض الأحيان، نقل الدم. الوقاية كيف يمكنني الوقاية من الزحار العصوي؟ أفضل طريقة للوقاية من الزحار العصوي هي ممارسة النظافة الجيدة. اغسل يديك جيدًا بالصابون والماء الدافئ بعد الذهاب إلى الحمام وقبل التعامل مع الطعام. تشمل الخطوات الأخرى لتقليل خطر الإصابة: لا تشارك الأشياء الشخصية مع الآخرين، مثل المناشف. لا تستخدم الماء إلا إذا كنت متأكدًا من أنه معقم (خالي من الجراثيم). تشمل الاستراتيجيات غلي الماء، أو استخدام أقراص الكلور، أو استخدام المياه المعبأة. يشمل ذلك الماء للشرب والطهي وتنظيف الأسنان، وكذلك الماء المستخدم للثلج. ابتعد عن الأشخاص المرضى. طهي الطعام بشكل جيد. اغسل جميع الفواكه والخضروات الطازجة بالماء النظيف، أو قشرها قبل الأكل.

* All articles published on this blog are sourced from various websites and are provided for informational purposes only. They should not be considered as confirmed studies or accurate information. Please verify the information independently before relying on it.

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