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The Science of Kalam - Professor Dr. Rajaa Ahmed Ali
JOD
Get it by 5 Aug | Order in 3 Hours 15 Minutes
We cannot say that Islamic philosophy is represented only by the heritage left to us by the philosophers of the Arab Mashriq, such as al-Kindi, al-Farabi, Ibn Sina, and others, and the philosophers of the Arab Maghreb, such as Ibn Bajja, Ibn Tufail, and Ibn Rushd, because by doing so we would be overlooking important aspects that fall within the framework of Islamic philosophy. We find that Islamic philosophy includes Sufism, whether it is Sunni Sufism like that of Rabia al-Adawiyya and Abu Hamid al-Ghazali, or philosophical Sufism whose proponents ended with theories such as dissolution, union, and the unity of existence—a type of Sufism found with al-Hallaj, al-Bistami, and Ibn Arabi. It is true that the Sufi method (that intuitive, emotional approach) differs from the method of pure philosophers (the rational method), yet we can include Sufism within the framework of Islamic philosophy. Similarly, we can include the science of Usul al-Fiqh (Principles of Jurisprudence) within the circle of Islamic philosophy. This science, in the opinion of some researchers, includes some theological principles. We can also include the scientific aspect of the research of Arab thinkers and philosophers within philosophy, as the relationship between philosophy and science is a close one, especially if we consider that most Muslim philosophers were also scientists. Some were even more famous for their science than for their philosophy, like the master Ibn Sina, whose 'Canon' was more known than his 'Shifa'. Likewise, we can include within philosophy an important axis that, for some, represents true Islamic philosophy: Ilm al-Kalam (scholastic theology). So, what is this science?