The Devil and the Dark Water by Stuart Turton

In 1634, Samuel Pipps, the greatest detective in the world, is being transported to Amsterdam for execution for a crime no one knows if he committed. Accompanying him is his loyal bodyguard, Arent Hayes, determined to prove his friend's innocence. As the ship carrying Samuel sets sail, a series of strange events occur, so mysterious that they are attributed to a devil. Surely, it can only be the devil himself causing these: a man dies twice, a strange symbol appears on the sail, cattle perish suddenly, and passengers are marked with signs of death. With his friend imprisoned, Arent is left to solve the interwoven mystery, which grows more complex over time, intertwining the past and present of the passengers and threatening to sink the ship and kill everyone on board.