The science of measurement and evaluation provides significant services to education, enabling it to review and develop its plans, interventions, and programs according to a sound scientific methodology. The benefit of measurement in education is magnified when assessing student learning to make wise decisions related to selection, appointment, diagnosis, or achievement measurement. Accordingly, two types of tests have emerged: criterion-referenced tests and norm-referenced tests. Initially, norm-referenced tests received greater attention as educational institutions focused on comparing an individual's performance with that of their group. However, this perspective soon changed due to criticisms of educational systems, where groups of students remained unable to perform basic skills such as reading, writing, and arithmetic. Norm-referenced tests failed to address these criticisms or effectively diagnose areas of educational failure. Consequently, a need arose for another type of test to help teachers, school principals, and officials take effective measures to overcome student learning challenges. I hope this book, titled "Criterion-Referenced Tests: Philosophy and Foundations of Development," will serve as an essential reference for undergraduate and graduate students, as well as for teachers and educators, providing them with a deep understanding of the philosophy and principles of constructing and developing criterion-referenced tests. This book was prepared based on various local, Arab, and international sources, and benefited significantly from references, research, and documents available on the internet. My conviction to author this book was shaped by several factors: the scarcity of local and Arab resources on criterion-referenced tests, their limited use by teachers, educational institutions, and other sectors, and the inability of some users to grasp their differences from norm-referenced tests. I was also driven by a desire to provide a modest resource for teachers, managers, educational supervisors, and business and professional supervisors who need this type of test to enable them to build a criterion-referenced test with acceptable psychometric properties. This book contains theoretical treatments and suitable explanations for each topic, with most topics followed by solved examples and exercises at the end of each unit. Simple language and appropriate statistical methods have been used wherever possible. The book consists of seven chapters: The first chapter is introductory, presenting the conceptual framework of criterion-referenced measurement. The second chapter deals with some statistical concepts related to the book's topics. The third chapter details the steps for constructing criterion-referenced tests. The fourth chapter addresses the analysis of criterion-referenced test items, indirectly comparing it with the analysis methods for norm-referenced test items. The fifth chapter explains the property of reliability and its estimation methods within the framework of both norm-referenced and criterion-referenced tests. The sixth chapter focuses on the property of validity. The seventh chapter presents an applied example of constructing a criterion-referenced test.

• Number of Pages: 240
• Year of Publication: 2009
• Binding Type: Cardboard
• Edition Number: 1
• Printing Color: Black
• Dimensions (cm): 17x24
• Weight (kg): 0.550
• Barcode: 9789957065522