Familiarity with the development of human mental growth is essential for teachers of thinking skills. Therefore, in this edition, we have reviewed human mental growth and its evolution, starting from the mentality of primitive man and the child's thought process up to the rational adult and the attainment of abstract thinking. We also focused on comparing animal and human intelligence to increase our understanding of human intelligence, in addition to the cognitive processes responsible for intelligent behavior in humans. We also concentrated on understanding the general framework of cognitive development through the efforts of the scholars (Piaget and Vygotsky).

We have also added two theories: the "Higher-Order Thinking Theory," which combines critical and creative thinking, and the "Flow Theory," which links the educational process with the pleasure felt by the learner. This applies to those who seek internal reinforcement in their work and pay no mind to external material and social rewards—a trait shared by the builders of human civilization.

Regarding the matter of knowledge and learning, Allah Almighty said: "We have certainly created man in the best of stature" (Surah At-Tin, Ayah 4), and distinguished him from all other creatures. In contrast, He created him knowing nothing, but granted him the tools that enable him to acquire knowledge. Allah Almighty said: "And Allah has brought you out from the wombs of your mothers while you know nothing. And He gave you hearing, sight, and intellect that you may give thanks." (Surah An-Nahl, Ayah 78).

On the other hand, animals were endowed with the necessary skills without learning. An animal walks shortly after birth, eats without assistance, and a bird builds its nest without prior learning. As for humans, they must learn everything, even turning their face right or left requires learning, as the French scholar (Piaget) says.

Since life is constantly becoming more complex, man must learn to think to keep up with the increasing complexities of life. While in the past man dealt directly with nature, now he must deal with an environment, life, and tools he has created himself, which are continuously increasing, in addition to interacting with natural factors and the complex problems that arise from this interaction. Perhaps (global warming) is but one example of the complexities that man must solve.

• ISBN: 9789957163754
• Weight: 0.950 kg
• Dimensions: 17x24 cm
• Paper: White
• Pages: 448
• Year of Publication: 2017
• Binding: Hardcover