the introduction

The importance of sesame cultivation The sesame cultivation is the basic factors in achieving food security and developing the economy. Sesame provides an oil rich in healthy fatty acids and nutrients, making it an important nutrient. It is also a source of income for many farmers, as the products are marketed locally and internationally, which enhances the economic power of rural societies. The agricultural history of sesame dates back to sesame cultivation for thousands of years, as humans used it as food and oil. Its cultivation spread from the regions of Africa to the Levant, then to India and Asia. Sesame is one of the oldest oil crops that the world is famous for, and is planted in a variety of climatic environments.

The spread of sesame cultivation

The appropriate climate for sesame transplantation is spreading sesame cultivation in warm areas that have sufficient sunlight. The dry or semi -dry climate is the most appropriate, as sesame plants bear temperatures ranging from 20 to 30 degrees Celsius. The lack of rain during the Growth period supports its growth, which makes it ideal in a number of sunny climate areas. The appropriate soil for the cultivation of sesame needs a good drainage soil and rich in organic materials. Sand or alkaline clay soil is ideal, as it helps promote the growth of roots. The soil pH should be between 6.0 and 7.5 to achieve a healthy growth hormone and improve productivity.

Choose seeds and prepare for cultivation

The importance of choosing good seeds is a vital selection of sesame seeds to achieve successful cultivation. Excellent seeds are characterized by a high germination rate and the ability to resist diseases. Farmers must take care of the type of seeds, and make sure that they fit the climate and soil in their area to achieve the best results. Methods of preparing the ground for cultivation, preparing the ground, is an essential step before planting sesame. This includes soil plowing well to remove weeds and improve soil ventilation. It is also necessary to use organic fertilizers to enhance soil fertility, which contributes to better growth of plants and increased productivity.

Irrigation and fertilization techniques for sesame transplantation

Suitable irrigation systems are an essential part of the success of sesame cultivation, as farmers should use appropriate irrigation systems such as drip or surface irrigation. These systems help to provide water effectively, which contributes to reducing losses and improving plant growth. Moisture levels in the soil should be monitored to ensure that no water is increased or shortage. Types of fertilization needed to fertilize is one of the main factors for increasing productivity. Organic and chemical fertilizers should be used in a balanced manner, depending on soil and plant needs. It is recommended to analyze the soil to determine the type and amount of the required fertilizers, which helps to enhance the growth of sesame plants and increase their crop effectively.

Pest and disease management in sesame cultivation

The most important pests that affect sesame are the almond worm and sesame rabts is one of the most prominent pests that threaten the sesame crop, as they can cause great losses if they are not dealt with quickly and effectively. It is important for farmers to have knowledge of identifying these pests early. How to prevent and treat to prevent these pests, you should follow good agricultural practices such as crop rotation and the use of resistance varieties. In the event of an infection, appropriate pesticides can be used at a specific rate, taking into account the safe periods between spraying and harvesting time to maintain the safety of the product.