Types of birds

Types of birds The sounds they make have a very beautiful effect on the human ear, in addition to the beautiful soft feathers and bright colors that attract you to look at them for a long time without getting bored, there are many House birds that can be raised at home, including

Canary bird

Canary bird The canary bird belongs to the animal kingdom, the division of chordates, the order of birds, the order of birds or perches, the family of thistles, the genus of tigers, and 8 species fall under this genus. The canary bird owes its beautiful colors and distinctive singing to the selective breeding process that humans have practiced on its ancestors for 400 years, thanks to which it is now possible to enjoy hearing the incessant chirping sound.

Species of canary bird

Species of canary bird The canary bird is distinguished in its diversity and each species is characterized by its qualities

The roller

The roller It is the most famous species of canary bird, which is characterized by the sweetness of its voice and its diverse melodies, even it chirps with its mouth closed, it chirps only from its throat, its color is very wonderful yellow, and it was discovered in Europe and Germany, and this species has spread in many countries of the world, and it has become one of the most famous types of Canary preferred for breeding at home .

Wasser Schleicher

Wasser Schleicher This species is considered one of the most active Canary species and it is also one of the sweetest sounds, it issues tweets from the most wonderful, and its color is very attractive yellow, the male is light yellow, the female is pale yellow, and it is a German species, and this type tweets from its mouth, unlike the roller Canary .

Temprado

Temprado It is one of the newly discovered Canary species, there are a lot of shapes and colors, this species was discovered only more than 50 years ago, and it is considered a hybrid of the roller and Gerlitz types, and it is also characterized by the sweetness of its voice greatly and its tweets have been likened to the sounds of the church .

Canary lizard

Canary lizard This species is one of the French species that has been exposed to extinction in a period of time and then returned again, so this species is distinguished by the sweetness of its voice and comes in different colors red, yellow and silver and has spots on its lower back, who likes to breed this type of Canary on him by taking him out of the cage because he gets bored a lot and likes to eat seeds, berries, fruits and vegetables

Gloucester

Gloucester It is one of the modern breeds of the canary bird and is a hybrid of the three species border, roller and domed Canary, characterized by its small size and green color, loves to bathe daily, likes to eat berries, fruits, vegetables and seeds as well .

Fifi

Fifi This species is considered one of the most famous and native to Scotland and is characterized by its small size, its length does not exceed 10 cm and is characterized by its different colors such as green, yellow, white, blue and black, it also likes to bathe daily, and eats seeds, berries, fruits and vegetables

The domed Canary

The domed Canary This species is one of the oldest species of Canary and even one of the most loved by wealthy people, its height does not exceed 13 cm and it has a lot of feathers on its gimlet and its neck is short and thick, it likes to bathe daily and is distinguished by its attractive colors, sweetness of voice and tones, and eats berries, seeds, fruits and vegetables .

The Belgian Canary

The Belgian Canary This species is also one of the ancient and very well-known and even the most famous, it is a hybrid of different types of scotch and Lancashire Canaries, its length does not exceed 17 cm and is distinguished by the beauty of its voice and attractiveness, it is also distinguished by its green, white, orange and yellow colors, loves to bathe daily and eats berries, seeds, vegetables and fruits .

Habitat and origin

Habitat and origin The domestic Canary (scientific name: Serinus Canaria Domestica) is a domesticated species of Atlantic Canary (scientific name: Serinus Canaria), [٣] and the original habitat of this bird is the macaronesia islands in the Azores, the Madeira Islands, and the Canary Islands, [٤] and the Wild Canary arrived in Europe for the first time when the Spaniards conquered the macaronesia islands in 1478, and they moved the canary bird with them, and they started breeding it in cages, and the canary bird underwent so many changes that the canary bird that is now sold in pet stores is completely different in its genes from the Wild Canary, [٤] the bright plumage of The Canary after suffering a genetic mutation hid the melanin pigment from its feathers, erased the dark stripes and bands that were characteristic of wild Canaries.[٣] the Canaries that arrived were sold Especially with the control of the Spaniards over the sale of Canaries through the sale of males only, and the trade of Canaries remained under the control of the Spaniards until the sixteenth century, when a group of birds managed to escape during transportation, and took refuge on the island of Elba in the Tuscan Archipelago, and the Italians took advantage of this opportunity and bred Canaries and sold them all over the world.[٣]

Morphological description and age

Morphological description and age The length of an adult canary bird varies between 12-20 CM, and its average weight is less than 28 g.the Wild Canary Bird is distinguished by its greenish-yellow plumage color, which covers most of the body except for the belly area colored yellow, while the domestic Canary birds are distinguished by several bright colors such as orange, red, white, and yellow, which is the most common.[٤] Canaries are classified into three types according to the purpose for which they are bred, and they are as follows: [٥] singing: there are birds bred for their characteristic singing -it is known that only males sing and females do not sing- Among these species are: the singing Russian Canary, the singing American Canary, the singing Iranian Canary and the Spanish temprado Canary. Color: there are canaries bred for the colors of their plumage such as: mosaic or mosaic Canary, bronze Canary, Brown Canary, ivory Canary, Onyx Canary. Shape: of the species that are bred for their characteristic shape, they are: the Australian blenhead Canary, the Spanish Raza Canary, the Norwich Canary, and the Yorkshire Canary. The average age of a female Canary is between 5-6 years, while the average age of a male is up to 10 years, although some Canaries can be up to 20 years old.

The diet system

The diet system Its diet often consists of seeds, a domestic Canary can eat vegetables, small amounts of fruits can be added to its diet as well, and it can also be provided with vitamins and supplements to ensure that it gets a complete diet.[٦]

Mating season

Mating season The mating season for wild Canaries begins at the beginning of spring, [٧] as for domestic Canaries, the mating season begins in February and March, and lasts for 20-30 days, [٨] the readiness of the male Canary to mate is indicated by the way he tweets, and the readiness of the female for mating is indicated by seeing her carrying with her beak the leaves and materials used in building nests, so the male provides food for her, but sometimes the female Canary asks him for food.[٩] wild Canaries prefer solitude and tranquility during the breeding season, [٧] wild Canaries show their sensitivity to light, they also need to shed their feathers every year, and to provide favorable conditions for the mating process It is preferable to place a full-spectrum light with a timer in the room where the Canary is located, and we are preparing the moulting process, it is preferable to increase the duration of the bird's exposure to light every day until the duration of its exposure to light reaches 12 hours a day.[٩] the female Canary lays a number of eggs during one breeding season ranging from 3-5 eggs, except for some cases when the number of eggs can reach 6 eggs, and the female Canary lays eggs every morning, and the eggs are small in size, blue in color, speckled with a light brown color, [٩] it should be noted that the female Canary stays with the eggs and cares for them until they hatch, as long as the atmosphere and conditions are perfectly prepared and undisturbed, otherwise she completely migrates them.[٧] for For a domestic canary bird that lays its eggs in the nest, it is preferable to replace a plastic egg with the first egg, put it in a pot containing bird seeds and stir it every day, repeating the same step until the fourth egg, then all the eggs are returned to the nest so that the mother can incubate them, and this method is used to prevent competition between the egg that hatches first and the rest of the eggs, in this way all the eggs hatch at the same time.[٨]

Young Canaries

Young Canaries Canary eggs hatch at night on the fourteenth day after the last egg is laid, and they are small in size, about the size of a thumb and wrinkled, and begin to make sounds in the morning, and when the mother approaches them, they open their mouths so that they can be fed, and when they feel full, they lie down and fold their heads towards their body, and two hours by hand, and among the foods that are recommended to be served to the little ones: Rice grains mixed with water, boiled egg yolk, usually the parents continue to feed the young for up to several weeks, after which the feathers begin to grow, and they manage to fly 3 weeks after his birth.[٩]

Danger of predation

Danger of predation A variety of predators in the Wild can prey on the canary bird, these animals include Hawks, crows, or snakes such as tree snakes and pythons, and home-bred birds can be at risk from predators when placed in cages and hung outside.

Canary tweets

Canary tweets Canaries are used to conduct several studies, including studies aimed at understanding how neurogenesis occurs, which is the process that results in the formation of new nerve cells in the adult individual's brain, in addition to studies related to how songbirds are able to sing, [٥] as a result of these studies, scientists were able to identify the structure of parts of the Canary brain, especially those that contribute to The higher Vocal center is the part that controls the Canary's ability to learn new songs, and scientists have noticed that the rate of formation of nerve tissue increases when this part is busy learning a new song. The scientists were also conducted by Rebecca Hartley (English: Rebecca Hartley) and Roddick Suthers (English: This study aims to find out how the canary bird is able to sing for long periods compared to its normal breathing cycle, where it can sing for more than 25 seconds, which is thirty times longer than the length of the normal respiratory cycle, and most of the songs of the canary bird consist of consecutive musical sentences (Phrase), and each musical sentence consists of repeated syllables (Syllables) between 3-35 musical degrees/second, as for the repeated songs (in English: Trilled Song consists of musical scores (Notes) or individual sound clips repeated at high rates ranging from 15-30 times/ second, accompanied by a short silence period of 20-35 milliseconds.[١١] The results of measuring the air flow rate in the trachea and measuring the pressure level in the air bag during tweeting indicate that the sound clips that make up a song last between 11-280 milliseconds are accompanied by air flow in the bronchi during the exhalation process, followed by a period of silence ranging from 15-90 milliseconds and are accompanied by the inhalation process, however, the air flow is interrupted in some vocal sentences, and the two scientists pointed out that the ability of Canaries to Singing for a long time is due to the breathing patterns it adopts, as the canary bird usually relies on the mini-breaths breathing pattern, which means that the air that comes out of the lungs during exhalation is directly replaced by the inhaled air, and helps the bird to sing for a long time, and the bird sometimes uses the pulsatile Expiration pattern, which results in songs consisting of syllables with a high repetition rate, which cannot be achieved using mini breathing.[١١]

Caring for a canary bird

Caring for a canary bird Here are the most important tips to follow to take care of the canary bird: Put the canary in a spacious cage so that it can move easily, and let it fly out of the cage for several hours a day if the cage is rather small.[٥] place the cage away from air currents and direct sunlight.[٥] provide the cage with perches (perches) suitable as natural tree branches to help them to straighten their claws instead of resorting to cutting them.[٥] provide the cage with a suitable bathtub, as the canary bird needs to be bathed at least once a week in normal conditions, and once a day in the moulting and breeding seasons, and some dandelion leaves can also be placed in the cage and sprinkled with water to allow the bird to roll over it as canaries do Wilderness. [٥] put the female canary in a cage separate from the male; so as not to be harassed by the male who is usually ready to mate before her, and to give her the opportunity to build her nest before starting mating.[٥] provide the cage with suitable food for Canary birds, such as seeds intended for Canary birds and coated with vitamins, taking into account cleaning the cage from seed husks daily; so that the bird can easily access food, preferably provide vegetables, such as: peas, watercress, kale, broccoli, dandelion, spinach, celery, and small amounts of fruit, such as: Apples, oranges, grapes, bananas, melons, and sometimes the hard parts of a boiled egg can be offered as a protein-rich dietary supplement.[٤] take into account the nature of shy and peaceful Canaries, and not put them in one cage with parrots, and love birds that are famous for their aggressiveness, and avoid placing more than one male in a small cage to avoid fighting among themselves, but a group of Canaries can be placed together, or it can be placed with some sparrows, or with birds with hard beaks if the cage is wide enough.[١٢]

General information

General information Coal miners are exposed to death as a result of the accumulation of toxic mine gases such as methane, carbon monoxide, and other gases, and to measure the extent of the accumulation of mine gases, workers use the flame of a safety lamp that detects the presence of both methane and asphyxiating gases (English: Chokedamp), which is a mixture of gaseous nitrogen and carbon dioxide, as for carbon monoxide, there are no mechanical means that can be used to detect its presence, so physiologist John Scott Holden recommended: John Scott Haldane) late nineteenth century using small animals such as mice and Canaries to monitor the accumulation of carbon monoxide; because their small size and the speed of metabolic processes in their bodies are affected by the accumulation of this gas in the mine before humans are affected by it, and it is preferable to use Canaries for this task more than mice; because they show signs of Mines.[٣]