Bertrand Russell's 'The Practice and Theory of Bolshevism' offers a crucial first-hand account of early Soviet Russia, written after his 1920 visit. As a distinguished philosopher, Russell provides a unique critical analysis, dissecting the practical application of Bolshevik ideology against its theoretical foundations. He explores the economic hardships, political repression, and social changes he observed, expressing significant reservations about the authoritarian nature of the regime and its impact on individual liberties. This insightful work reflects Russell's deep commitment to freedom and reason, serving as both a historical document and a profound philosophical critique of revolutionary governance. It remains essential for understanding 20th-century political thought.