In 'When Islam Awakens,' Mohammed Arkoun, a prominent Algerian-French scholar, delves into the complex relationship between Islamic thought and modernity. Arkoun critically examines traditional interpretations of Islam, advocating for a radical re-evaluation of Islamic heritage in light of contemporary challenges. He challenges conventional paradigms, proposing an 'applied Islamology' that bridges historical context with modern intellectual tools. This seminal work encourages readers to reconsider rigid doctrines, promoting an open, humanistic, and dynamic understanding of Islam that can truly engage with the complexities of the 21st century. It's an essential read for anyone interested in critical Islamic studies, philosophy, and the future of religious thought.