Aimé Césaire's seminal work, 'Discourse on Colonialism,' is a powerful and polemical essay that fiercely denounces the hypocrisy and brutality inherent in European colonialism. Published in 1955, this foundational text in postcolonial studies argues that colonialism not only dehumanizes the colonized but also corrupts and barbarizes the colonizer. Césaire draws a chilling parallel between Nazi barbarity and the logic of colonialism, asserting that Europeans were only shocked by Nazi atrocities because they were applied to white populations. He calls for a radical re-evaluation of Western humanism and emphasizes the urgent need for decolonization, both political and intellectual. This enduring critique remains profoundly relevant for understanding historical injustices and contemporary power dynamics.