In this seminal work, philosopher Mohammed Mesbahi undertakes a rigorous investigation into the concept of 'the self' (al-dhat) throughout the history of Arab-Islamic thought. The book meticulously traces the evolution of this fundamental philosophical idea, from early theological debates to the sophisticated systems of major thinkers like Avicenna and Averroes. Mesbahi explores how these intellectuals defined consciousness, individuality, and personal identity, often reinterpreting Greek philosophical traditions to fit their own unique cultural and religious contexts. This study provides crucial insights into the intellectual heritage that has shaped modern Arab and Islamic identity.