Kitab al-Tiyur (The Book of Birds) by the renowned 9th-century scholar Al-Jahiz is a foundational work in the history of ornithology. This comprehensive treatise meticulously documents various bird species, exploring their behaviors, habitats, migration patterns, and anatomy. Al-Jahiz's work is celebrated for its empirical approach, blending scientific observation with literary anecdotes, poetry, and cultural references, offering a unique window into the zoological and cultural knowledge of the early Islamic world. It stands as a testament to his systematic methodology and profound contribution to the natural sciences.