Tarikh al-Umam wal-Muluk (The History of Nations and Kings), often simply known as Tarikh al-Tabari, is a monumental historical chronicle written by the Persian scholar Muhammad ibn Jarir al-Tabari. It spans from the creation of the world to 915 CE, providing a detailed account of pre-Islamic and Islamic history. This comprehensive work is an invaluable primary source for early Islamic history, covering the lives of prophets, the rise of Islam, the Rashidun Caliphate, the Umayyad Dynasty, and the Abbasid Caliphate, along with significant events and biographies. Al-Tabari's meticulous approach to collecting and citing various traditions and reports makes this a cornerstone of Islamic historiography, offering unparalleled insights into the political, social, and religious developments of the period. Its sheer scope and detail make it an indispensable resource for scholars and enthusiasts alike.