Richard Dawkins' seminal 1976 book, 'The Selfish Gene,' revolutionized our understanding of evolution by presenting a gene-centric view. Dawkins argues that genes are the primary units of selection in evolution, and organisms, including humans, are merely 'survival machines' built by genes to propagate themselves. He explores complex behaviors like altruism, explaining them not as actions for the benefit of the species or individual, but as strategies employed by genes to ensure their own survival and replication. The book also introduces the influential concept of 'memes' as units of cultural transmission, influencing fields beyond biology. It remains a cornerstone of evolutionary thought, provoking discussion and shaping modern scientific discourse on genetics and behavior.