This comprehensive study, authored by a collective of researchers, meticulously examines the profound transformations that reshaped Arab societies and power structures between 1516 and 1916. Spanning from the Ottoman conquest at Marj Dabiq to the geopolitical realignments of the Sykes-Picot Agreement, the book delves into critical historical junctures, analyzing the evolution of governance, social dynamics, and the shifting regional landscape. It offers insights into the intricate interplay of internal developments and external forces that defined this pivotal four-century period, providing a nuanced understanding of the Arab world's historical trajectory.