In this pivotal work, Sayyar al-Jamil meticulously explores the complex historical processes that led to the formation of modern Iraq. The book delves into the political, social, and economic transformations from the late Ottoman era through the British Mandate and the establishment of the monarchy. Al-Jamil analyzes the interplay of internal forces, such as tribal loyalties and sectarian identities, with external influences, providing a comprehensive understanding of the foundational challenges and structures that continue to shape the nation's contemporary reality. It is an essential read for students of Middle Eastern history.